Pr Jacques Nzouankeu : “La Constitution permet bien un 3ème mandat à Macky Sall”

Jacques Mariel Nzouankeu est Professeur de Droit public à l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop depuis une cinquantaine d’année. Il a eu à enseigner l’actuel ministre de la Justice, Ismaïla Madior Fall. Il vient de produire un texte où il fait une analyse de situation, pour apporter des éclaircis sur la question d’une possibilité, pour le Président Macky Sall, d’avoir trois mandats successifs. Le Professeur est péremptoire là-dessus : Macky Sall peut bel et bien se présenter et briguer un mandat en 2024, même s’il parvient à remporter la Présidentielle de 2019.

Le Pr Jacques Mariel Nzouankeu explique que : “La question est réglée par le nouvel article 27 de la Constitution (…). Il est ainsi conçu : ‘Article 27 – “La durée du mandat du Président de la République est de cinq ans. Nul ne peut exercer plus de deux mandats consécutifs”.’

En cela, il relève le fait qu'”aucune disposition de la Constitution ne règlemente la dévolution des mandats du Président Macky Sall, c’est-à-dire la manière dont ils vont se succéder (…). Nulle part, il n’est écrit que le mandat de 7 ans est, ou n’est pas compris dans le décompte des deux mandats consécutifs du nouvel article 27. Habituellement, ces questions sont traitées dans les dispositions transitoires ; mais dans la Constitution ainsi révisée, les dispositions transitoires ont été supprimées”.

Le Professeur poursuit en rappelant que cette question avait été traitée, par le Conseil constitutionnel, avant le référendum.

“Cette haute Juridiction avait été saisie par le Président de la République sur le projet de révision de la Constitution. La question que le Président de la République lui avait posée peut être paraphrasée ainsi : “Désormais, le Président de la République sera élu pour un mandat de 5 ans. Nul ne pourra faire plus de deux mandats exécutifs. Est-ce que je peux appliquer cette nouvelle durée du mandat présidentiel à mon mandat en cours ? (…)” Le Conseil constitutionnel, dans sa Décision n°1/C/2016 du 12 février 2016, avait répondu qu’au regard de la pratique constitutionnelle et des précédents, «le mandat en cours au moment de l’entrée en vigueur de la loi de révision, par essence intangible, est hors de portée de la loi nouvelle» (paragraphe 30 des motifs) ; en conséquence, avait–il ajouté dans son dispositif, la loi nouvelle sur la durée du mandat du Président de la République ne peut pas s’appliquer au mandat en cours. Autrement dit, le mandat en cours est écarté du champ du nouvel article 27. Cela signifie qu’on ne peut pas le comptabiliser comme l’un des deux mandats autorisés par l’article 27».

En termes plus clairs, le Pr explique que “si le Président Macky Sall est élu Président de la République en 2019 en application de l’article 27 de la Constitution, il lui sera conféré un premier mandat de 5 ans. En 2024, s’il décide de se présenter à l’élection présidentielle, sa candidature sera recevable. S’il est élu, il briguera un deuxième mandat consécutif de 5 ans”.

Bio express : Jacques Mariel Nzouankeu. Ancien Professeur à la Faculté des Sciences juridiques et politiques de l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar. Directeur de la Revue des Institutions politiques et administratives du Sénégal RIPAS

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