Directeur de la Promotion des droits de l’enfant, Niokhobaye Diouf, revient dans cet entretien express accordé à Tribune, sur les meurtres atroces et les cas d’enlèvements notés ces derniers jours chez les enfants, la couche la plus vulnérable de la société. Si d’aucuns parlent de sacrifices liés, à l’approche de la présidentielle de 2019, de son côté, lui croit dur comme fer que les politiciens étant des cartésiens, ils ne sauraient en aucune manière faire accroire qu’il faille sacrifier une vie humaine pour gagner une élection.
Ces jours-ci, des cas d’enlèvements et des meurtres atroces concernant les enfants sont notés au Sénégal. En réalité, que se passe-t-il ?
C’est assez inquiétant et préoccupant pour toute la communauté. C’est un phénomène qui prend de l’ampleur. Je le range très souvent dans la catégorie de la médiatisation excessive. Avant, les mêmes phénomènes se produisaient, mais n’avaient pas une telle ampleur. Même si d’autres essaient de trouver d’autres justificatifs concernant ces crimes, il faut surtout dire que ce sont des faits criminels que nous condamnons. Ce qui est sûr, ces phénomènes sont atroces. Le gouvernement du Sénégal est préoccupé par cette situation et est en train d’apprécier à sa juste valeur les tenants et aboutissants de ces crimes pour essayer de voir, avec l’enquête de la police qui est en cours, ce qu’il en est exactement.
Pour rapport à votre expérience et cursus, avez-vous une explication, même si elle peut paraître irrationnelle ?
Vous pensez certainement à certaines supputations qui laissent penser qu’à l’approche d’élections, ce sont des cas de sacrifices qui se passent. Mais, je ne saurais m’aventurer dans ce sens, d’autant plus que, quelles que soient les motivations, nous ne détenons pas encore les réponses tant que nous n’aurons pas les conclusions des enquêtes de la gendarmerie et de la police. Ces raisons peuvent être fondées ou pas, mais, encore une fois, je ne saurai m’aventurer à donner des réponses de cette nature. Dans tous les cas, nous les condamnons et la société doit se sentir solidaire à la situation des enfants.
Est-ce que vous vous sentez à l’aise lorsque des gens pointent du doigt les acteurs politiques comme étant au cœur de ce phénomène ?
Je ne peux pas le dire ou accuser un politicien ou un autre. Pour le moment, ce ne sont que des supputations, même si le contexte pourrait le justifier. Moi, je suis convaincu que les politiciens étant des cartésiens, ne sauraient croire qu’il faille sacrifier une vie humaine pour gagner une élection. Un esprit cartésien ne saurait l’accepter. Maintenant, la pensée populaire peut amplifier une telle croyance. En tout cas, à chaque fois qu’un phénomène dépasse l’entendement, les gens essaient de trouver une explication. Et celle-là, la plus simple, est d’accuser les politiciens. Aussi, est-ce qu’il n’y a pas de politiciens qui laissent prospérer ce message pour installer une psychose ? Tout est possible. Mais, dans tous les cas, aucune enquête de police n’a jamais démontré une telle chose. Le parent qui a tué son enfant à Keur Massar était sous l’emprise de la drogue. Et, ce sont des cas que nous vivons. Seulement, il faut que la société qui a perdu ses vertus, reviennent encore à la solidarité. Quelqu’un s’arrête à un coin de rue, sans être inquiété, sans que l’on cherche s’il ne cherche pas à faire du mal. Dans les maisons, il y a aussi des personnes violentes et constituent des dangers pour les enfants. Personne n’en parle et l’on attend qu’elle commette un drame. Il y a le numéro vert de la police et de la gendarmerie. Donc, il faut avoir le culte de la dénonciation.
Vous avez été au cœur du retrait des enfants talibés très exposés dans la rue. Qu’en est-il exactement ?
Les enfants talibés, c’est aussi de la responsabilité collective. Quand le Président de la République annonce une mesure de retrait, je crois qu’il s’adresse à toute la nation. Nous avons vu des initiatives communautaires en termes de regroupements comme les “Bajènu gox” et “Ndeyu daara” et d’autres acteurs qui se sont portés volontaires pour assister les daaras. Il y a aussi des acteurs qui indexent l’État, oubliant que tous les moyens ne sont pas disponibles. Par exemple, rien qu’à Dakar, la cartographie de 2014 indiquait qu’il y avait plus de 54.000 enfants pour 18.000 filles et 36.000 garçons dans les daaras. Aujourd’hui, nous en sommes à 30.160 enfants qui s’adonnent à la mendicité entre une heure et quatre heures. Quand nous avons lancé les plans de retrait, il y a eu une embellie jusqu’à faire disparaître des quartiers certains enfants. Les ressources n’ont pas trop suffi, mais nous avions élaboré un plan de plus de deux milliards Cfa pour éradiquer la mendicité à Dakar, et quatorze milliards pour toute l’étendue du territoire. Certains acteurs devaient mettre la main à la poche et accompagner un tel projet. Dans la ville de Touba, nous avons recensé 128.000 enfants pour 1524 daaras. Et tous ces enfants doivent bénéficier de la Couverture maladie universelle (Cmu), parce que c’est le défunt Khalife (Serigne Sidy Mokhtar Mbacké) qui s’était personnellement investi pour les inscrire dans ce programme. Il faut dire que le taux Cmu-élève qui tourne autour de 3000 Cfa leur a été appliqué. Nous avons négocié et il y a une véritable baisse acceptée par le Directeur de la Cmu.
Quels messages lancez-vous à l’endroit de la société censée protéger les enfants ?
L’enfant doit avoir une stabilité et la paix. Ce sont des responsabilités qui incombent aux parents. L’enfant doit aussi être protégé contre ses parents, ses frères, sœurs et la société. Et cela, c’est une responsabilité de l’État. Entre l’école et le daara, il y a la rue. Donc, il faut aussi de la protection. Il faut leur assurer un bien-être et une sécurité, même si elle n’existe pas à cent pour cent. Et, entre la boutique et la maison, quelque chose peut se passer. Il faut lutter contre la violence et tout faire pour diminuer le coefficient jusqu’à un faible niveau. Il y a des gens malades mentaux, mais il y a surtout des obsédés sexuels. Donc, il appartient à la communauté d’être le gardien de l’enfant. Il faut dénoncer les personnes jugées suspectes.
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