L’arrestation de Kémi Séba pour avoir brûlé un billet de 5000 francs CFA, sa relaxe et son expulsion du territoire sénégalais, n’ont rien fait pour calmer le débat sur le Franc CFA. Débat dans lequel s’est invité le Directeur national de la Bceao pour le Sénégal, Ahmadou Al Aminou Lô qui était l’invité du ‘‘Grand Jury’’ de la Rfm. Il a porté la réplique aux pourfendeurs du franc CFA, donné son avis et fait des révélations sur plusieurs questions.
«Nous ne sommes pas à l’origine de l’expulsion de Kémi Séba. Un billet de 5000 francs CFA a été brûlé par M. Kémi Séba. Il s’en est réclamé ouvertement alors que le code de procédure pénal du Sénégal punit l’altération des billets de banque et le fait de brûler un billet de banque. Lui, a dit qu’il l’a fait symboliquement. La Bceao est un agent des Etats. Et elle était dans l’obligation d’abord, au nom du Sénégal, pays dans lequel s’est déroulé le délit, et de l’ensemble des Etats, de porter plainte en se constituant partie civile (…). C’est un Etat souverain qui a décidé, sur la base d’informations qui sont certainement détenues par ses services, de l’expulser. Là-dessus, la Bceao n’a pas de commentaire à faire.»
Sur le droit de véto de la France
«Ils disent que la France a un véto dans le fonctionnement de l’Union. Ce qui est archi faux. Aujourd’hui c’est “un Etat, un représentant». La France est représentée, plus le gouverneur de la Banque centrale. Donc, 10 personnes sont membres du conseil d’administration de la Bceao. Toutes les décisions se prennent à la majorité simple des voix. Moi, j’ai eu à participer à plusieurs réunions du conseil d’administration, du comité de politique monétaire, du conseil des ministres. Mais dans les réunions du conseil d’administration, le représentant de la France est un représentant simple comme les autres. (…). Le représentant français est là, il aide. Il est dans une économie développée, il vient dans ces réunions avec des informations de première main qu’il partage et qui nous permet de prendre la bonne décision. Donc, pas de droit de véto».
Le compte d’opération
«Certains vont jusqu’à dire que 50% de nos recettes en devise c’est une taxe. J’ai été directeur des opérations de marché. Donc, j’ai eu à gérer les réserves de change de l’Union. Aujourd’hui, les réserves de change de l’Uemoa sont à peu près à 12 milliards d’euros, à peu près 7658 milliards de francs CFA. La partie liquide, hors de l’or, c’est un peu plus de 6 milliards de francs CFA. Donc, nous déposons 4 milliards d’euros sur le compte d’opération qui est un compte d’épargne (…). C’est un compte d’épargne qui appartient à la Bceao qui l’utilise quotidiennement. Donc, c’est totalement faux ceux qui disent que c’est un compte qui nous prive de réserves de change.»
«Les réserves, la France n’en a pas besoin»
«Toute réserve excédentaire d’une banque centrale ne peut pas être monétisée et ne peut qu’être placée. Parce que c’est cela qui sert à régler vos importations futures. Et nous ne comprenons pas à la banque centrale que les gens veuillent à nouveau qu’on monétise les réserves de change. C’est impossible dans la théorie monétaire (…). La dette française négociable, c’est 1683 milliards d’euros. La réserve de change déposée dans le compte d’opération tourne autour de 4 milliards d’euros. C’est-à-dire 0.02% des besoins de la France. La France n’en a aucunement besoin. Là également, il y a eu beaucoup d’intoxication. Beaucoup de politiques sénégalais ont eu à le dire. C’est des cours de 2ème année en sciences économiques.
«Le franc CFA est une solution..»
«On nous parle de nos exportations. Tant que vous n’êtes pas un pays industrialisé, le taux de change flottant est un gros danger. L’arachide sénégalaise est sensible au prix ? (…). Aujourd’hui le franc CFA est une solution pour le développement. Parce que, nous créons les conditions de stabilité pour que le développement puisse se mettre en place et que les Etats aient nettement un environnement macroéconomique stable pour arriver au développement. Le Nigéria en moins d’un an, a eu 40% de perte de valeur de la monnaie. Est-ce que c’est ce que nous voulons? Ce débat sur la parité fixe et la parité flexible est un faux débat. Le régime de change flottant n’est pas la panacée.»
Pourquoi fabriquer les billets en France?
«Ce n’est pas l’ancienne puissance coloniale. Encore une fois, c’est la banque de France qui dispose d’une usine de fabrication, qui propose des prix, qui a un partenariat privilégié avec la Bceao, qui permet d’avoir un prix de revient très bon, qui permet d’avoir des délais de réponse très bons (…).»
25 à 35 milliards par an, le coût des billets
«Une banque centrale doit tout faire pour ne pas faire des pertes. L’impression des billets nous coûte annuellement entre 25 milliards et 35 milliards de Francs CFA. Parce que, nous les faisons fabriquer. Imaginez qu’on ait une usine, peut être que nous aurons des coûts de fabrication moindres, mais dans l’amortissement du bien peut être qu’on pourrait se retrouver avec 60 milliards à amortir chaque année.»
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