Le tabac augmente le risque de lupus chez la femme

Les fumeuses sont plus à risque de développer un lupus, une maladie chronique qui touche 30.000 personnes en France.

Si les causes de cette maladie restent obscures, il semblerait qu’un ensemble de facteurs, génétiques, environnementaux et hormonaux soient à l’origine de la maladie. Cette nouvelle étude publiée dans la revue médicale Annals of Rheumatic Diseases révèle que le tabac serait un facteur de risque de lupus. Et que ce lien serait encore plus significatif pour les femmes. Les fumeuses sont deux fois plus à risque de développer cette maladie chronique dans laquelle le système immunitaire produit des anticorps contre les cellules du corps, conduisant à une inflammation généralisée et des lésions tissulaires.

LE TABAC EN CAUSE DANS LE DÉVELOPPEMENT DU LUPUS

Les chercheurs de l’école de médecine de Harvard (Etats-Unis) ont utilisé les données médicales d’une large étude américaine, qui comptaient des milliers de femmes suivies depuis les années 1980. Parmi elles, un peu plus de 400 étaient touchées par d’un lupus érythémateux disséminé.

Les résultats de l’étude ont révélé que les fumeuses ont affiché un risque supérieur de développer une forme fréquente de lupus, qui se manifeste par la présence d’anticorps anti-ADN dans l’organisme du patient. En effet, les scientifiques ont chiffré que le risque d’avoir des auto-anticorps spécifiques à cette maladie est multiplié par deux chez les accros à la cigarette. En revanche, ce risque n’apparaît pas chez celles qui ont réussi à abandonner le tabac.

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