L’Organisation des Nations unies (Onu) célèbre aujourd’hui la journée mondiale des océans sous le thème : ‘’Nos océans, notre avenir’’. Une occasion pour cette institution de décliner les menaces qui pèsent sur ces derniers.
La journée d’aujourd’hui est dédiée aux océans. L’Organisation des Nations unies (Onu) a, quant à elle, décidé de marquer le coup par une invite à méditer le thème : ‘’Nos océans, notre avenir’’. Ainsi, dans le cadre de cette journée internationale, elle lève un coin du voile sur les menaces qui pèsent sur ces vastes étendues d’eau couvrant 3/4 de la surface de la terre. Il s’agit des pressions humaines dont la surexploitation, la pêche illégale non déclarée et non réglementée, la pêche destructive, les pratiques d’aquaculture non durables, la pollution marine, la destruction de l’habitat. Il s’y ajoute les changements climatiques et l’acidification des eaux qui, dit-elle, ont des conséquences ‘’néfastes’’ sur les océans et les mers de ‘’notre’’ planète, et de ce fait, sur la terre entière.
Malgré toute cette agression à laquelle ils sont exposés, les océans fournissent d’innombrables services à l’humain. ‘’Plus de trois milliards de personnes dépendent de la biodiversité marine et côtière pour subvenir à leurs besoins. Globalement, la valeur de marché des ressources et industries marines et côtières est estimée à 3 000 milliards de dollars, par an, soit environ 5% du Pib mondial. Et les océans contiennent près de 200 000 espèces identifiées.
Les chiffres réels pourraient se compter en millions’’, note l’Onu. Avant de faire savoir qu’ils absorbent environ 30% du CO2 produit par les humains et atténuent les impacts du réchauffement climatique. D’après elle, la pêche maritime emploie directement ou indirectement plus de 200 millions de personnes. ‘’Les subventions à la pêche participent à l’épuisement rapide de nombreuses espèces de poissons et empêchent les efforts de sauvetage et de restauration de la pêche mondiale et des emplois qui y sont liés, générant une perte de 50 milliards de dollars par an pour le secteur de la pêche maritime’’, souligne-t-on.
De ce fait, la conférence de l’Onu ambitionne de favoriser le progrès dans la mise en œuvre de l’Objectif de développement durable 14, issu du Programme de développement durable à l’horizon 2030 adopté par les 193 États membres de cette institution en 2015. L’objectif est de conserver et d’exploiter de manière durable les océans, les mers et les ressources marines aux fins de développement durable. Il faut dire que la journée mondiale des océans est un événement organisé chaque année depuis 10 ans. Instauré à l’occasion du sommet de la Terre des Nations unies à Rio de Janeiro, cet évènement est aujourd’hui un rendez-vous mondial pour sensibiliser sur la santé et la gestion des océans ainsi que leurs ressources.
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