La Commission européenne a proposé mercredi 27 septembre un nouveau programme visant à accueillir des réfugiés dans l’UE. Il s’agirait essentiellement de réfugiés venant d’Afrique et du Proche-Orient. Les plans mis en avant par la Commission prévoient l’arrivée de 50.000 demandeurs d’asile sur deux ans dans le cadre de la nouvelle politique européenne destinée à offrir des voies d’entrée légales en Europe.
Les programmes européens prévus il y a deux ans pour absorber le choc de l’afflux de réfugiés arrivés à partir du printemps 2015 sont arrivés à échéance cette semaine.
Il y avait d’un côté les relocalisations des réfugiés déjà parvenus sur le sol européen et de l’autre côté la réinstallation de réfugiés affluant en direction de l’Europe. En l’occurrence il s’agissait de candidats à l’asile provenant du Proche-Orient et ce mouvement-là doit se poursuivre. Il devra permettre de réinstaller en fin de compte en Europe un total de 37.000 réfugiés de cette région.
Parallèlement, la Commission européenne propose donc de créer un successeur à ce programme pour accueillir 50.000 réfugiés supplémentaires d’ici octobre 2019.
Un budget d’un demi-milliard d’euros est annoncé pour soutenir les pays européens volontaires pour accueillir ces demandeurs d’asile. Il s’agit toujours d’un programme de réinstallation concernant des personnes éligibles au statut de réfugié, mais qui ne seraient pas encore parvenus en Europe.
Les régions visées sont l’Afrique du Nord et la corne de l’Afrique ; la Commission européenne mentionne expressément la Libye, l’Egypte, le Niger, le Tchad, le Soudan et l’Ethiopie.
«Une goutte d’eau dans l’océan»
«C’est un nombre très bas», note François Gemenne, spécialiste des flux migratoires, chercheur en sciences politiques à l’université de Liège et à Sciences-Po Paris. Selon lui, il y a sans doute une «certaine pression des Nations unies, du Haut-commissariat aux réfugiés pour que l’Union européenne s’engage plus activement dans ce type de programme qui a donné des résultats tout à fait probants en Suède, au Canada ou aux Etats-Unis.»
Avec le correspondant de Rfi à Bruxelles, Pierre Bénazet
A LIRE aussi : UE : la fin des quotas de répartition de réfugiés entre les Etats membres
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