50 ans après la disparition du pasteur Martin Luther King, Memphis se souvient… Les pleurs, la colère et la détermination de poursuivre le combat continuent de hanter l’esprit des acteurs et témoins cette époque troublée. Comme pour contrer les dérives racistes du XXIe siècle, des voix s’élèvent et racontent une histoire qui semble tristement se répéter.
Qu’ils soient enseignants, historiens, auteurs ou musiciens, ils conservent tous cet engagement citoyen qui rythme leur quotidien. La date du 4 avril 1968 n’est pas si loin pour ces hommes et ces femmes attachés à l’égalité raciale. Ils ont tous en mémoire des images terrifiantes, des déclarations insultantes, des exactions violentes, mais ils ont fait face et se font un devoir de conter leur courageuse épopée pour que l’avenir de leurs enfants soit assuré.
Bertha Looney est aujourd’hui enseignante au Southwest Tennessee Community College de Memphis. À 76 ans, elle tient à rester en contact avec la jeune génération qui lui donne foi en une paix sociale future. Elle sait combien les temps ont changé, combien les conditions de vie ont évolué, mais elle reste vigilante, car sa propre expérience révèle la fracture entre Blancs et Noirs aux États-Unis. Elle fit partie des « Memphis State Eight », ces huit premiers adolescents noirs autorisés à entrer à l’université du Tennessee en vertu d’une loi fédérale de 1954.
Malgré l’opposition farouche des autorités locales et l’hostilité de 5 000 étudiants blancs, elle fit ses premiers pas sur le campus en 1959. Bien qu’elle ne se considère pas comme une pionnière du mouvement des droits civiques, elle a progressivement acquis une réputation de femme téméraire. Elle participa même aux marches non violentes initiées par Martin Luther King qu’elle rencontra la veille de son assassinat.
Manifester paisiblement, quitte à affronter les chiens policiers, était une posture que ne partageaient pas tous les militants africains américains au cœur des années 1960. Le meurtre du pasteur King fit basculer la fronde de la communauté noire en une rébellion massive. Certains activistes prônèrent la manière forte et défièrent l’administration américaine.
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