Macky Sall arrive ce jeudi matin 8 février à Nouakchott à l’invitation de son homologue Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz. Une visite de deux jours dans un contexte tendu. Les relations entre Dakar et Nouakchott ne sont pas bonnes notamment en raison du conflit récurrent dans le secteur de la pêche et par des divisions diplomatiques également. Les deux chefs d’Etat veulent en tout cas retisser des liens anciens.
Un drame pour retisser des liens. La mort du pêcheur sénégalais Falou Sall, tué par les gardes -côtes mauritaniens il y a quinze jours, sera peut-être le point de départ de nouvelles relations entre les deux pays. Le drame avait déjà évoqué par Macky Sall et Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz au récent sommet de l’Union africaine. Et c’est sans doute à cette occasion que les deux chefs d’Etats ont souhaité aller plus loin.
Cette visite de « travail » de deux jours, indique le communiqué de la présidence sénégalaise, montre « la volonté des deux chefs d’Etat de raffermir des relations anciennes et profondes ».
Comment Nouakchott a resserré les mailles du filet
Les deux chefs d’Etat veulent d’abord éviter la survenue d’un nouvel incident lié au partage de leurs ressources halieutiques. Les relations sont en réalité mises à mal depuis la suspension en 2015 de l’accord de pêche entre les deux Etats.
Depuis, la Mauritanie a édicté un autre mode opératoire pour la filière. Les licences de pêche ne sont octroyées qu’à des pêcheurs nationaux, les bateaux détenus par des étrangers doivent employer un personnel mauritanien et débarquer leurs prises sur des quais mauritaniens. Une législation appliquée le plus rigoureusement possible, Nouakchott ne faisant pas d’exceptions pour les pêcheurs sénégalais. Des pêcheurs qui tentent leurs chances et qui croisent parfois les garde-côtes mauritaniens. Selon un spécialiste du sujet, 4800 bateaux de pêche sénégalais ont déjà été arraisonnés en Mauritanie et soumis à des amendes exorbitantes.
Il y a aujourd’hui urgence pour les politiques des deux pays à s’accorder avant qu’il n’y ait d’autres drames. La mise au repos biologique de plusieurs aires marines protégées et l’arrivée des navires usines européens, russes ou chinois au large dans la région contraignent certains pêcheurs sénégalais, surtout ceux de Saint-Louis, ville frontalière, à s’aventurer dans les eaux mauritaniennes. Et si Nouakchott reste inflexible face aux attentes de Dakar, des dizaines de milliers de pêcheurs sénégalais resteront au chômage technique.
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