Legs, donation, assurance-vie… 5 idées reçues sur la transmission de patrimoine

Grâce aux legs, aux donations et aux assurances-vie, on peut soutenir des projets qui nous tiennent à cœur… et ainsi continuer à exister à travers un geste fort. On vous explique tout.

Transmettre son patrimoine après son décès, c’est très compliqué…

FAUX. Il existe seulement deux possibilités pour transmettre vos biens après votre décès : l’assurance-vie et le legs.

L’assurance-vie permet de faire fructifier une somme d’argent au fil des années et cette somme sera reversée aux bénéficiaires désignés au moment de votre décès (ou plus tôt si vous le souhaitez).  C’est un produit d’épargne auquel on peut souscrire – auprès d’une banque ou d’un organisme d’assurance, par exemple.

Vous souhaitez transmettre des biens – une maison, des bijoux, des objets de valeur ? Le legs est fait pour vous. Il permet de définir la répartition de vos biens après votre décès : vous pouvez soit léguer la totalité de ceux-ci (il s’agit alors d’un «legs universel»), soit une partie de ceux-ci seulement (c’est un «legs à titre universel») ou un bien en particulier (on parle alors de « legs particulier»).

Pour léguer un ou plusieurs biens, il faut absolument réaliser un testament. Là encore, rien de très compliqué  : on peut prendre rendez-vous chez un notaire (avec deux témoins)  qui s’occupe alors de tout. Sinon, il est possible d’écrire soi-même son testament en respectant certaines règles précises – le texte doit être daté, signé et rédigé de votre main, il doit contenir vos coordonnées et celles de vos héritiers, les pages doivent être paraphées et numérotées…

Dans tous les cas, n’hésitez pas à demander conseil à un notaire !

Il est possible de transmettre son patrimoine avant son décès.

VRAI. Il s’agit alors d’une donation. Le principe est assez simple: il suffit d’aller chez le notaire et de signaler quels biens on souhaite donner – un appartement, un véhicule, une somme d’argent… L’acte prend effet immédiatement.

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