La chute des flux financiers sape la balance des paiements de l’Uemoa

Les transactions économiques et financières entre l’Uemoa et le reste du monde ont été marquées, en 2016, par l’élargissement du déficit de la balance des paiements, qui s’est établi à 951,2 milliards Fcfa ; une forte progression par rapport à l’année 2015 qui avait connu un gap de 191,5 milliards Fcfa. Cette contre-performance, malgré l’amélioration des transactions courantes, est plus imputable à la détérioration accentuée du solde du compte financier qu’à la légère baisse des revenus primaires (-0,2% du PIB).

En effet, bien que les flux nets des opérations en capital aient affiché un excédent de 1191,4 milliards Fcfa contre 1158,1 milliards en 2015 et que les besoins de financement se soient établis à 1630 milliards Fcfa, en baisse de 415,7 milliards, seulement 41,6% de ces besoins ont été couverts par les entrées nettes de capitaux. Alors que ce ratio atteignait plus de 90% en 2015. Il s’agit d’une baisse drastique dont les conséquences ont peu favorisé la balance des paiements.

Dans le détail, on notera une chute des investissements en portefeuille de 34,5%, due à la non-sollicitation des marchés internationaux des capitaux au cours de l’année ; une baisse des investissements directs étrangers de 18,8%, essentiellement dans le secteur pétrolier, en raison des incertitudes qui planent sur  la tendance des prix. L’accumulation de dettes commerciales extérieures par le secteur privé a également contribué à cette contre-performance du compte financier de l’ensemble des pays de la zone d’intégration.

Cette série de situations a fortement neutralisé la performance des balances commerciales et courantes qui, quant à elles, ont connu une certaine amélioration au cours de la période de référence.

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