Le sujet est de plus en plus d’actualité. Une ou plusieurs solutions devront être trouvées rapidement sous peine de vivre des drames nourris par le surpeuplement de nos prisons. Sans prétention aucune tout en respectant le débat et le laissant tout ouvert, une solution est peut-être à notre portée. Elle serait là sous nos yeux. Regardons ce qui se passe ailleurs, outre Atlantique, en France, dans certains pays Scandinaves, dans quelques pays africains d’expression anglaise et aux États Unis. Les petites peines sont exécutées au bénéfice de la société. Cela s’appelle la peine de substitution (vaste programme). Substituer l’emprisonnement systématique des petites peines à des travaux dits d’intérêt public, ou travaux d’intérêt général. À ne pas confondre avec le travail forcé. Il ne s’agit pas de laisser les grands délinquants et dangereux criminels vaquer tranquillement à des occupations dans nos villes sous prétexte d’effectuer des travaux dans l’intérêt de la communauté. Il s’agit de commuer des peines légères ou petites relatives à des délits dits «mineurs» en actions civiques participatives. Aucun quidam ne sera contraint d’accepter une peine de substitution à la place de sa peine exécutoire. Avec l’accord du prisonnier, en concertation avec les parties concernées, aménager le temps d’incarcération en période productive au bénéfice de la société. Ne laissons pas ce qui nous interpelle tous et qui s’est récemment invité dans le débat public (politique : que faire pour désengorger nos prisons ?) gangréner nos relations sociales. L’opposition comme la coalition au pouvoir pense chacune avoir trouvé les coupables de cette situation de surpeuplement carcéral, mais aucune n’a proposé de solution réellement. Tous devant le malade désespéré proposent un emplâtre sur sa jambe de bois. Arrêtons nous un peu et regardons sans passion ni émotion ce qui se passe ailleurs.
Nous ne sommes pas le seul pays à souffrir de ce mal. Pour une fois, pays développés et pays en développement ou pays émergents partagent cette tare. Parmi ces pays, certains ont pris le problème à bras le corps et sont en train de le résoudre. Chez nous, le réflexe civique, cette chose qui nous faisait vibrer, nous faisait aimer l’ordre et la discipline, est morte depuis bien longtemps. Pour preuve, l’enseignement dit civique qui reposait sur la recherche des valeurs morales n’est plus au programme dans les écoles. Ce que nous appelions jadis l’enseignement civique à disparu de nos manuels scolaires. Le sens du bien commun n’existe plus. Puisque nos composantes dynamiques de la société ne se soucient plus de notre bien commun, ceux qui parmi nous à un moment donné, dans un moment d’égarement se sont retrouvés entre les mains de la justice et qui ne demandent qu’à s’acquitter de leur dette envers la société, ceux-là mêmes pourraient dans le respect de leur dignité et droit (réduit) du fait de leur incarcération être utilisés par la société pour des travaux dits d’intérêt public. Ainsi la rupture tant redoutée par les autorités pour les primo-délinquants trouverait une solution. Ne pas couper le délinquant primaire des valeurs morales de la société pour qu’il garde intact l’espoir d’une réinsertion rapide. La prison considérée comme lieu de réhabilitation n’est pas l’endroit le plus approprié pour «récupérer» certains de nos compatriotes «égarés».
Une journée de prison est une journée perdue. Évitons de radicaliser nos petits délinquants en les jetant systématiquement en prison. L’auteur d’un «petit» délit a toujours un sentiment d’injustice lorsqu’il est envoyé derrière les barreaux.
Les travaux d’intérêt public distincts des travaux obligatoires ou forcés (il ne s’agit pas de casser des pierres à longueur de journée) sont peut-être l’une des solutions. Ces travaux qu’une commission devra identifier, seront reconnus d’intérêt public, non avilissant et non dégradant. Ils aideront le fautif à garder sa dignité et son honneur malgré son passage entre les mains de la justice. Ces mesures d’insertion ne concernent pas tous les prisonniers, mais les petits délinquants. Ceux-là mêmes pour lesquels la société n’a de cesse de s’inquiéter pour leur réintégration. L’incarcération derrière des murs, l’isolation, la fréquentation d’autres délinquants plus aguerris, la promiscuité du milieu carcéral n’est certainement pas la solution idoine. Elle «surpeuple» les maisons d’arrêt, coupe l’individu de son milieu réel et l’oblige à adopter des comportements de défense sinon de survie. Le retour à une vie antérieure en société est toujours une épreuve. Les mutations sont trop rapides. Autant que faire se peut le maintien de la petite délinquance, bien encadrée dans un programme d’insertion, pourrait être une voie à explorer.
Évitons de systématiquement envoyer les petits délinquants derrière les barreaux. Le meilleur endroit pour une réinsertion n’est pas la taule. C’est peut-être en ne le bannissant pas et en le maintenant autant que possible dans un environnement propice à la prise de conscience de son délit que nous pouvons espérer retrouver nos concitoyens qui se seraient égarés à un moment donné avec les vicissitudes de nos sociétés modernes lieux de perpétuelles compétitions et de combats permanents. Il y a parmi nous des spécialistes capables de proposer des solutions. Il nous faut simplement les écouter. Ils s’appellent magistrats, avocats, éducateurs spécialisés, psychologues, gardes pénitentiaires, élus locaux et même ex taulards. Il ne restera plus au législateur qu’à légiférer. Qu’y a-t-il d’avilissant à participer à la propreté de nos rues et édifices publics, au nettoyage de nos cimetières etc. ? Il n’y a pas si longtemps une bonne partie du maraîchage dans notre pays était entre les mains des prisonniers. Ils ravitaillaient les marchés intérieurs en légumes ainsi que leurs lieux de détention, sans parler du petit pécule que pouvait leur rapporter cette activité. Pour désengorger les prisons, la construction de nouvelles prisons est envisagée mais est-elle la solution ? À mon avis elle ressemble plus à un appel du genre : «Fautez nous avons des prisons pour vous accueillir».
Bocar SY
UN Communication Expert
Néo Lanceur d’Alerte
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